vector<int> v_i;Тук int, double и Employee са параметри на класа-шаблон vector, дефиниран в STL.
vector<double> v_d;
vector<Employee> v_e;
template<typename T>Всички член-функции се дефинират също като шаблони.
class Pair {
public:
Pair(T a, T b);
T get_first() const;
T get_second() const;
private:
T first;
T second;
};
Пример. Класът List (list2.cpp, list0.cpp) съхранява свързан списък от низове.// pairs.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
template<typename T>
class Pair {
public:
Pair(T a, T b);
T get_first() const;
T get_second() const;
void print() const;
private:
T first;
T second;
};
template<typename T>
Pair<T>::Pair(T a, T b)
{ first = a;
second = b;
}
template<typename T>
T Pair<T>::get_first() const
{ return first; }
template<typename T>
T Pair<T>::get_second() const
{ return second; }
template<typename T>
void Pair<T>::print() const
{ cout << "Pair: (" << first << ","
<< second << ")" << endl; }
int main()
{
Pair<int> integers(10,22);
integers.print();
Pair<double> doubles(1.5, 2.25);
doubles.print();
Pair<string> strings("One", "Two");
strings.print();
return 0;
}
template<typename T> |
|
В STL класът iterator е
дефиниран в класа list:
list<string>::iterator pos = staff.begin();
За да се вложи един клас в друг, вътрешният клас се дефинира във
външния клас:
class List {
...
class Iterator;
...
};
Пример. Клaсът List
със същия интерфейс, както и класът list
от STL.
// list1.cpp
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>
using namespace std;
template<typename T>
class List;
template<typename T>
class Node {
public:
Node(T s);
private:
T data;
Node<T>* previous;
Node<T>* next;
friend class List<T>;
friend class List<T>::Iterator;
};
template<typename T>
class List {
public:
List();
List(const List<T>& b);
~List();
List<T>& operator=(const
List<T>& b);
class Iterator;
void push_back(T s);
void insert(Iterator iter, T s);
Iterator erase(Iterator i);
Iterator begin();
Iterator end();
private:
void copy(const List<T>& b);
void free();
Node<T>* first;
Node<T>* last;
};
template<typename T>
class List<T>::Iterator {
public:
Iterator();
T operator*() const;
void operator++(int dummy);
void operator--(int dummy);
bool operator==(Iterator b) const;
bool operator!=(Iterator b) const;
private:
Node<T>* position;
Node<T>* last;
friend class List<T>;
};
template<typename T>
List<T>::List()
{ first = NULL;
last = NULL;
}
template<typename T>
List<T>::~List()
{ free();
}
template<typename T>
List<T>::List(const List<T>& b)
{ first = NULL;
last = NULL;
copy(b);
}
template<typename T>
List<T>& List<T>::operator=(const
List<T>& b)
{ if (this != &b)
{ free();
copy(b);
}
return *this;
}
template<typename T>
void List<T>::push_back(T s)
{ Node<T>* newnode = new Node<T>(s);
if (last == NULL) /* list is empty */
{ first = newnode;
last = newnode;
}
else
{ newnode->previous = last;
last->next = newnode;
last = newnode;
}
}
template<typename T>
void List<T>::insert(Iterator iter, T s)
{ if (iter.position == NULL)
{ push_back(s);
return;
}
Node<T>* after = iter.position;
Node<T>* before =
after->previous;
Node<T>* newnode = new
Node<T>(s);
newnode->previous = before;
newnode->next = after;
after->previous = newnode;
if (before == NULL) /* insert at beginning
*/
first = newnode;
else
before->next =
newnode;
}
template<typename T>
typename List<T>::Iterator
List<T>::erase(Iterator i)
{ Iterator iter = i;
assert(iter.position != NULL);
Node<T>* remove = iter.position;
Node<T>* before =
remove->previous;
Node<T>* after = remove->next;
if (remove == first) first = after;
else
before->next = after;
if (remove == last) last = before;
else
after->previous = before;
iter.position = after;
delete remove;
return iter;
}
template<typename T>
typename List<T>::Iterator List<T>::begin()
{ Iterator iter;
iter.position = first;
iter.last = last;
return iter;
}
template<typename T>
typename List<T>::Iterator List<T>::end()
{ Iterator iter;
iter.position = NULL;
iter.last = last;
return iter;
}
template<typename T>
List<T>::Iterator::Iterator()
{ position = NULL;
last = NULL;
}
template<typename T>
T List<T>::Iterator::operator*() const
{ assert(position != NULL);
return position->data;
}
template<typename T>
void List<T>::Iterator::operator++(int dummy)
{ assert(position != NULL);
position = position->next;
}
template<typename T>
void List<T>::Iterator::operator--(int dummy)
{ if (position == NULL) position = last;
else
position = position->previous;
assert(position != NULL);
}
template<typename T>
bool List<T>::Iterator::operator==(Iterator b)
const
{ return position == b.position;
}
template<typename T>
bool List<T>::Iterator::operator!=(Iterator b)
const
{ return position != b.position;
}
template<typename T>
Node<T>::Node(T s)
{ data = s;
previous = NULL;
next = NULL;
}
template<typename T>
void List<T>::copy(const List<T>& b)
{ for (Iterator p = b.begin(); p != b.end(); p++)
push_back(*p);
}
template<typename T>
void List<T>::free()
{ while (begin() != end()) erase(begin());
}
int main()
{ List<string> staff;
staff.push_back("Cracker, Carl");
staff.push_back("Hacker, Harry");
staff.push_back("Lam, Larry");
staff.push_back("Sandman, Susan");
/* add a value in fourth place */
List<string>::Iterator pos;
pos = staff.begin();
pos++;
pos++;
pos++;
staff.insert(pos, "Reindeer, Rudolf");
/* remove the value in second place */
pos = staff.begin();
pos++;
staff.erase(pos);
/* print all values */
for (pos = staff.begin(); pos !=
staff.end(); pos++)
cout << *pos
<< "\n";
return 0;
}