#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	cout << "Hello World\n";
	return 0;
}

int k = 0;
double x = 10.1;
string s = "Hello";

total = pennies * 0.01;
total = count * 0.05 + total;

if (condition)operator;
// optional
else operator;

while (condition) operator;

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    if (n < 0) return 1;
    int sum = 0;
    int i = 0;
    while (i <= n) { sum += i*i; i++; }
    cout << sum;
    return 0;
}

type name ( parameter1, parameter2, ...) { statements }

• type is the data type specifier of the data returned by the function
• name is the identifier by which it will be possible to call the function
• parameters (as many as needed): Each parameter consists of a data type specifier followed by an identifier, like any regular variable declaration (for example: int x) and which acts within the function as a regular local variable. They allow to pass arguments to the function when it is called. The different parameters are separated by commas.
• statements is the function's body. It is a block of statements surrounded by braces { }.

// function example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int addition (int a, int b) // definition
{
  int r;
  r = a + b;
  return r;
}
int main ()
{
  int z;
  z = addition (5,3); // invoking the function
  cout << "The result is " << z;
  return 0;
}

type name[size];

• type is the data type specifier of the elements in the array
• name is the identifier by which it will be possible to access the array elements
• size is an integer constant. It is the number of elements of the array

// array example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main ()
{
  int array[10];
  array[0] = 10;
  for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) array[i] = i*i;
  return 0;
}

• G++, a part of GCC (GNU Compiler Collection) project
• Microsoft Visual C++
• Intel® C++ Compilers for Windows, Linux and Mac
  

• Operating systems (MS Windows, Linux, etc.)
• Application software